Sunday, April 20, 2014

Bio of Fangyun Cheng



Dr. Fangyun Cheng is a professor at Beijing Forestry University where he teaches Ornamental Plant Propagation and Nursery Management.  Dr. Cheng’s research interest is focused on the breeding and propagation of ornamental plants, especially Paeonia. He is a leading authority and researcher on tree peonies.

Fangyun grew up in a village in Gansu province in Northwest China near where there are still wild populations of the tree peony P. rockii. Fangyun’s interest in peonies was stimulated early in life by his grandfather who grew various ornamentals, including two classic cultivars of tree peony.

Fangyun Cheng obtained his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from the Biology Department of Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China where he majored in Botany.  For the Ph.D. degree he majored in Ornamental Plants in the College of Landscape Architecture of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China. Following completion of his Master’s degree in 1987, he started his research work on the Mudan as the tree peony is known in China and he taught biology for approximately 10 years in Lanzhou. Following completion of his Ph.D., he spent two years as a special researcher of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), at Shimane University, Matsue, Japan, studying relationships of Japanese and Chinese cultivars of P. suffruticosa. Since 2000, Dr. Cheng has been a professor in the College of Landscape Architecture of Beijing Forestry University.

Dr. Cheng’s research is mainly on tree peonies endemic to China. It is focused mostly on two topics, breeding and propagation of both species and cultivars directed towards the sustainable development of the peony industry in China.  Studies by Dr. Cheng on Rockii hybrids led to the publication of the book “Chinese Flare Mudan” in 2005.

He has received many awards for his teaching and research on peonies. Dr. Cheng’s research group is composed primarily of M.Sc. and Ph.D. students working on a wide variety of research topics on tree peonies.

The propagation of tree peonies is difficult and slow and therefore Dr. Cheng has spent many years investigating methods to improve peony propagation techniques including micro propagation by tissue culture. He also works on the domestication of tree peonies from wild peony species. Other studies include the genetic and hormonal controls of re-blooming in tree peonies, the genetic relationships among tree peony species and hybrid origins of different cultivars using gene sequencing and markers. Dr. Cheng has done extensive studies on the endangered tree peony, Paeonia rockii and worked to conserve this and other endemic species. In addition to working on peonies as ornamental plants, Dr. Cheng has also been investigating the potential of tree peonies as an oil seed crop in China.

Canadian Peony Society CPS April Report



Preparations are being finalized for our Annual National Show and Annual General Meeting in Winnipeg at the Assiniboine Park Conservatory on June 14 and 15, 2014. On June 13, 2014, the Assiniboine Park Conservancy will be celebrating National Gardening Day featuring the Canadian Peony Society and our show.

We will be having a featured speaker, Dr. Fang-Yun Cheng from the Beijing Forestry University to give a presentation about his hybridizing program with hardy rockii type tree peonies. Dr. Cheng is one of the foremost hybridizers and authorities on tree peonies in China. Everyone has their fingers crossed that all of the necessary official authorizations will be received in time for him to give his presentation at the annual show and meeting.

Also of great significance and meaning to our society, will be the first year the Michael Denny Trophy for the best hybrid peony will be awarded at the annual show in Winnipeg. The trophy is in honour of a long time Canadian Peony Society member, supporter and advocate for peonies, Michael Denny who passed away this last year. The Canadian Peony Society will continue to honour the memory and contributions of Michael Denny for years to come.

The annual show in Winnipeg is co-hosted by the Assiniboine Park Conservancy. Over the years, the Canadian Peony Society has donated peonies to the Assiniboine Park and they have a wonderful perennial garden. The peonies contributed by the Canadian Peony Society are central to this wonderful display. The Assiniboine Park also has a sculpture garden and many other features that make an attractive place to have our annual national show and our AGM. The residents of Winnipeg are very proud of the Assiniboine Park. It is well used by the public on a daily basis in winter and summer and I was very impressed by the gardens when I was there three years ago in July. It is a wonderful venue and I am looking forward to meeting many members of the Canadian Peony Society in attendance at Winnipeg.

Yours
David Maltby
President of the Canadian Peony Society

Tuesday, March 11, 2014

Patience, Perseverance and Itoh Peonies

By Blaine Marchand

Julia Rose
"Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet." ~ Aristotle

How applicable is this maxim to the creation of the Itoh peonies, also known as intersectionals,

crosses between a tree peony and an herbaceous one.  Hybridizing of peonies has a long illustrious history, but the genesis for the introduction of intersectional peonies has its origins in the early 1900's with initial hybridization experiments of breeders Victor Lemoine and Louis Henry and later Professor A.P. Saunders (whose family connection to the Central Experimental Farm is well known and whose hybrid peonies have a formidable presence in the Farm's collection).

'The strongest of all warriors are those two ~ Time and Patience."  Leo Tolstoy (War and Peace)

It was in 1948 that Toichi Itoh, a Japanese hybridizer- and a most patient person indeed - hit gold.  Rumours persist he attempted over 2,000 crosses before succeeding with a cross between the lactiflora peony, 'Kakoden', and the tree peony 'Alice Harding'.  The result was seven seedlings that had the tree peony as their dominant characteristic.  Unfortunately,  Dr. Itoh did not live to see his seedlings bloom.
Sequestered Sunshine
These intersectional hybrids, that bear his name Itoh, have lush magnificent paper-like blooms, reminiscent of these of the tree peony, but the abundant foliage of an herbaceous peony.  They do not require staking and rain does not weigh down the blooms.  Itohs, like herbaceous peonies, need to be cut down each autumn and as buds are set below ground, they are winter hardy, a bonus for Ottawa's climate.  The intersectional peonies come in a range of magnificent colours - yellow, pink, maroon, fuchsia and multicoloured.  When in bloom, the Itoh peonies in the Farms' Ornamental Gardens consistently stop people in their tracks.


Introduction to North America

In the 1970s, an American breeder, Louis Smirnow, negotiated with Dr. Itoh's widow to introduce four of her husband's peonies into North America.  These he had named: 'Yellow Crown', 'Yellow Dream', 'Yellow Emperor' and 'Yellow Heaven'.  Peony aficionados were smitten.  But these peonies, initially scarce, came with a steep price tag.  They were largely sold to peony enthusiasts or obsessive buyers.                                                  
                                                    
Other hybridizers in the United States - Roger Anderson, Don Hollingsworth, Donald Smith and Irene Tolomeo to name a few - continued the work of Toichi Itoh on intersectional hybridizing.  They created some truly sensational peonies .  In Canada, Serge Fafard, of Les Jardins Osiris, also breeds intersectionals.


Itoh propagation
As Itohs are derived from tree peonies, they produce an expansive root system that makes root division, the usual way to obtain new peony plants, a tough job and all too frequently results in few new plants that then take years to reach maturity and produce blooms.  One alternative, of course, is to graft the intersectional to a nurse root of an herbaceous peony, which like a parent, provides food and strength until the intersectional roots are set and strong enough to take over.

Another option is micro-propagation, which is essentially growing plants from tissue or cell culture under controlled conditions.  The result is Itohs that can be produced quickly and offered to buyers sooner at a more affordable price.

Itohs at the Farm
In 2009, the Canadian branch of Plantek International, which is one of the leading micro-propagation companies, contacted Mary Pratte, advisor to the Friends' peony team, with a very generous donation of 24 plants.  Among these were benchmark Itohs - 'Smith Family Yellow', 'Going Bananas', 'Sequestered Sunshine', 'Singing in the Rain', 'Yankee Doodle Dandy', 'Cora Louise, 'Magical Mystery Tour' and 'Julia Rose'.

"He that can have patience can have what he will."
                                    ~ Benjamin Franklin

Magical Mystery Tour.  A bloom from this Itoh peony was a first place winner at the 2013 Canadian Peony Society (CPS) show
A walk through the peony garden in 2014 will show that the number of Itohs in the Farms impressive collection has grown to 42, with 26 different named varieties.  Among these is Serge Fefard's wonderful 'Osiris Tourbillon'.  But also among them are la creme de la creme - Roger Anderson's 'First Arrival' and 'Julia Rose', Donald Smith's 'Morning Lilac', and Don Hollingsworth's  'Garden Treasure'.  A look at these peonies underlines that patience and peristence do indeed bring sweet rewards.
First Arrival                          Smith Family Yellow

 A happy member of the Friends' peony team since retirement.  Blaine also tends to a collection of over 500 peonies in Osceola, Ontario.  Past president of the Canadian Peony Society and editor of its newsletter, Paeonia Nordica, he is the author of eight books.

Reproduced with permission from Friends of Central Experimental Farm Spring 2014  www.friendsofthefarm.ca

Monday, March 10, 2014

Peonies At The Farm

by Bill Wegman

The presence of peonies at the Central Experimental Farm dates back to the 1890's and the early days of the experimental farm system in Canada, when the first director, Dr. William Saunders, assembled and planted a collection of 150 different cultivars for evaluation.  It must certainly have been one of the most outstanding collections of peonies in Canada at the time and likely would have mainly consisted of the highly popular and wonderfully fragrant double lactifloras.



A Broad representation of peonies
Today, the Friends of the Farm help maintain a collection of over 400 different named varieties  and a total of 600 plants consisting of a wide variety of styles and types.  The bulk of the current collection is a broad representation of peonies developed from the late 19th century on - the classic old French and English peonies of Lemoine and Kelway.  You may know some of them, such as 'Le Cygne', 'Primevere', 'Baroness Schroeder' and 'Pride of Langport', to name only a few.

A collection of Professor A.P. Saunders' peonies has been deliberately assembled over the years.  Now totaling 105 different cultivars, we believe it to be the largest such collection in Canada.  Growing up in London, Ontario, and during his university vacations spent at the Farm in Ottawa, Professor Saunders would have learned the technique of cross pollination of flower blooms from his father, William, who experimented in plant breeding.  Widely known and respected as a peony breeder, Professor Saunders was one of the first to use the then recently available species plants to produce earlier blooming varieties and to bring a wider spectrum of colours into the peony world.

The origin of one of the Farm's Saunders peonies is particularly closely connected to the Farm.  In 1928 Saunders wrote that he had taken "some pollen of the species P. coriacea from a plant at the Experimental Farm in Ottawa, Canada" and used it on the lactiflora 'James Kelway' to get a true lavender coloured peony, which he named 'Lavender'.

In the 20th Century, American nurserymen working concurrently with Saunders concentrated on producing the large doubles because that is what the market demanded at the time, cultivars such as 'Florence Nicholls', 'Gay  Paree' and 'Red Charm'.  Like the earlier French and English peonies, they were developed for the cut flower market, so their weak stems were not a great concern because they are cut earlier, at late bud stage and placed into cold storage.

Not all of these peonies were developed by professional nurseryman- some were produced by home gardeners whose cultivars are well represented in the Farm's peony garden.  Nathan Rudolph of Aurora, Illinois, developed the peony 'America', which is likel out most outstanding red variety.  And not all producers were men - Mrs. Mary Freeborn of Proctor, Vermont, registered 22 cultivars and the peony garden hosts her best two 'Angelo Cobb Freeborn' and 'Pico'.

Canadian breeders have not been forgotten.  The Farm's collection includes plants from Brown, Gilbert, Keagey, Brethour, Lossing, Ericson, Cousins and Ménard.  Both 'Elgin', a peony developed by William Brown of Elora, Ontario and 'Coral N' Gold' a peony developed by Lyman Cousins of London, Ontario, appeared on Canada Post stamps several years ago.  In fact, the picture for the 'Elgin' stamp was taken from the Farm's own plant.  Perhaps the best peony known to the Canadian public would be 'Adrienne Clarkson' named for a former Governor General and developed by Maurice Ménard of Laval, Quebec.  Two other plants developed by Mr. Ménard and in the collection and dear to our hearts are the 'Mary Pratte' and the 'George Vorauer' peonies.

Itoh or Intersectional peonies were recently added to the collection.  These are the result of  a cross of tree peony and herbaceous peony and, although developed in 1944, have only now become readily available to the home gardener due to advances in propagation.  Itohs combine the colours and size of the tree peony blossom with the hardiness of the herbaceous peony.  They are described in a seperate article by Blaine Marchand. (Patience, Perseverance and Itoh Peonies)

The blooming season
The first peony to bloom at the Farm is 'Starlight' and, guess what, it is a Saunders peony and it is closely followed by 'Firelight' another Saunders peony.  This is usually by the third week of May.  'Red Charm', the reference peony, usually blooms by the 5th of June, while the big doubles don't bloom until the second and third weeks of June.  By the end of June the bloom season is over, for an over-all period of five weeks of bloom - although admittedly spars at the beginning and sometimes shortened by abnormally hot weather.

The blooming season is the best time to view the peonies but even without their blooms, the shapes of the plants and the configuration of their leaves are interesting.  The collection is located in 14 beds at the north-east corner of the Ornamental Gardens beside the traffic roundabout, and in two more beds just tot he north across the street in the campus sector.  Some individual plants are located around the gardens and the Arboretum houses a large bed of duplicate peonies used as a reserve.

Passionate about peonies since the mid-1980's, Bill Wegman has led the Friends' peony team for over 10 years and runs the seed exchange for the Canadian Peony Society.  He has won many awards at exhibitions with blooms from his own large collection.

Visit the Peonies!   Join Bill and his team for a tour of the Farm's peonies on Saturday , June 7,2014.

Reproduced with permission from 'Friends of the Central Experimental Farm'.  http://www.friendsofthefarm.ca/

Saturday, March 1, 2014

Souvenirs de Michael



Le 27 décembre dernier, la Société canadienne de la Pivoine a perdu un vrai de vrai. En plus d’être un professeur d’économie très apprécié à l’Université de Toronto, Michael Denny était un passionné de pivoines, le coéditeur, avec Lindsay D’Aoust, du bulletin de la SCP et l’âme dirigeante du projet SCP en fleurs (CPS Bloom).

Son charme et son intelligence en ont conquis plusieurs : étudiants, gens du sud de l’Ontario où il vivait avec Judi, sa complice dans l’univers de la pivoine, et les amoureux de pivoines au Canada et aux États-Unis.
Voici quelques souvenirs de cet homme remarquable.

Quand je suis arrivé à la SCP, j’entendais sans arrêt les noms de Michael et Judi Denny. Je me suis dit qu’ils devaient être des gens importants dans le petit monde de la pivoine. Ils ont effectivement accompli un travail exceptionnel de promotion de la pivoine pendant toutes ces années.

Deux souvenirs me reviennent toujours en mémoire au sujet de Michael Denny : la remarquable exposition de pivoines au Jardin botanique d’Oshawa et la collecte de données, de mai à juin, quand notre groupe se retrouvait à la Ferme expérimentale d’Ottawa dans le cadre d'une expérience appelée Le projet Pivoines en fleurs, le fruit des efforts de Michael et de Lindsay D’Aoust (http://peonybloomdate.com/index.htm). Ce projet permet de connaître la période de floraison de centaines de pivoines. C’est un outil très utile qui aide à choisir des pivoines qui fleurissent à différentes périodes et dans des agencements de couleurs éclatantes. Les données de ce projet sont aussi très utiles pour identifier des pivoines inconnues. J’espère que ce projet se poursuivra et je sais de mon côté que je redoublerai d’efforts pour assurer la survie du projet de Michael.

Les efforts et l’énergie de Michael nous manqueront, mais son héritage survivra et son travail acharné et sa passion pour la beauté des pivoines continueront de donner des résultats.  
Mary Pratte

Mon mari Ed et moi, nous avons rencontré Michael et Judi dans les premières années de la SCP. Michael était un jardinier expérimenté qui adorait sa collection de pivoines, de même que les autres plantes de son jardin.

Michael a fait partie du petit groupe qui a entrepris de déménager la collection Gilbert en 2000 dans le but de les cultiver et de les identifier. À partir de 2004, certaines de ces pivoines ont été données à divers jardins au Canada. Michael n’a jamais cessé de m’impressionner par la quantité de travail qu’il consacrait au Jardin botanique d’Oshawa et à cette collecte de données qui permet encore aujourd’hui aux amateurs de mieux choisir leurs pivoines.
Sur un plan plus personnel, Michael m’a visité chaque matin pendant l’exposition d’Oshawa, que Judi et lui ont lancée en 2005. Il prenait le temps de recueillir mes données, de placoter et de jeter un coup d’œil à mon jardin. Tant la Société que moi, nous nous ennuierons de cet ami précieux qui a tant fait pour la SCP.   
Rena Preston



C’est avec grande tristesse que nous apprenons le décès de Michael. C’était un homme charmant. Lorsque nous le retrouvions à l’exposition d’Oshawa, nous pouvions toujours compter sur lui pour nous faire rire même sous une pluie diluvienne. Nous nous ennuierons de son sourire bienveillant. 

Irene Baynes et Val Hosty

Michael et moi avons eu de nombreuses discussions au cours des années. Nous parlions de tout et de rien, mais surtout de pivoines. Ne reculant devant rien, il voulait toujours savoir pourquoi j’avais inscrit telle ou telle pivoine dans mon catalogue et comment je fixais les prix de chacune. Je devais toujours être sur mes gardes!

Michael a conçu le projet sur les périodes de floraison à travers l’Amérique du Nord, suite logique de cet autre projet, Sept semaines de fleurs. Tous ont pu profiter de ses données.

Il était très généreux. Il a n’a jamais compté ses heures consacrées au projet de floraison et à la collection de pivoines du Jardin botanique d’Oshawa, à la collection Gilbert, sans oublier le bulletin de la SCP. Il était toujours heureux de partager ses idées et ses pivoines. Il me manquera énormément.
  Lindsay D'Aoust



Au cours des dernières années, j’ai appris de Michael comment déterrer, diviser et planter des pivoines. J’avais déjà commencé à déterrer les plantes de la collection Gilbert avec Michael quand je réalisai l’importance de cette collection canadienne.

C’est avec lui que j’ai compris les différences entre les racines selon leur condition de croissance et que j’ai appris la grandeur du trou à creuser avant d’arracher une racine. D’année en année, nous avons déterré les pivoines de la collection Gilbert jusqu’à la dernière au grand plaisir de Michael et Judi pour qui un rêve se réalisait.

Avec Judi, j’ai lavé, étiqueté et empaqueté les pivoines. Michael se chargeait d’indiquer comment et où planter celles qui arrivaient par courrier. Pendant des années, j’ai vu Michael diviser des pivoines avec toute sorte d’outils à l’ombre d’un érable. Mais ce n’est que le printemps dernier qu’il eut enfin le bonheur de diviser et d’identifier sa collection.

Ma propre collection s’est enrichie grâce à la générosité de Michael et de Judi, qui me refilaient les racines trop petites pour être données ou vendues. Souvent, le printemps, après une longue journée au jardin, Michael lançait : «vérifiez le tas de compost». Judi et moi y découvrions quelques tiges de pivoines. Même si elles n’étaient pas identifiées, je m’empressais de les récupérer et de les ajouter à ma collection.

Je sais maintenant que chaque fois que je verrai une pivoine, je penserai à Michael et à tous les conseils qu’il m’a donnés. 
 Mary Ellen Simerson




Nous gardons tant de beaux souvenirs de Michael. Notre amitié remonte à très loin. Il adorait manger et téléphonait souvent en disant: «allons manger». Alors Dennis et moi nous retrouvions Michael et Judi à Cobourg ou à Port Hope et passions la soirée à nous amuser autour d’un bon repas. Nous répétions l’expérience trois ou quatre fois par année avec beaucoup de plaisir. Quand nous sommes revenus de Floride en novembre, Michael ne pouvait plus se déplacer, alors Judi nous a reçus à la maison. Michael a déclaré qu’il ne verrait plus jamais ses pivoines en fleurs, ce qui m’a rendu très triste.
Grâce à mes contacts, je trouvai une quinzaine de fleurs de pivoines dans les couleurs de rouge, blanc et rose et les fit livrer chez lui pour le faire mentir… Connaissant bien Michael, je suis certain qu’il a été très ému et n'eut été de grands efforts, il aurait sûrement pleuré. Mais nous savons tous qu’il n’était pas un pleurnichard. Quelques jours plus tard, il nous tira des larmes dans un courriel de remerciement pour ce parfum exquis qui remplissait sa grande chambre. C’était notre Michael.  
Tom Harris et Dennis Gebhardt

Joe et moi avons eu le privilège de nous nous retrouver en maintes occasions avec les Denny au Jardin botanique d’Oshawa, lors des congrès de la SCP ou chez eux. Quel que fût l’endroit, à l’American Peony Society ou chez nous, Michael ajoutait une pointe d’humour à nos interminables discussions sur les pivoines.
Lors de rencontres, comme le festival des pivoines d’Oshawa, Michael en profitait pour enregistrer discrètement les temps de floraison et vérifier les identifications, laissant l’avant-scène aux autres, mais tout en faisant la promotion de la culture et de la sauvegarde des pivoines.
Joe et Hazel Cook

Michael était un géant. Je l’ai rencontré dans le cadre des activités de la SCP. Blaine et moi avions pris l’habitude de visiter Michael et Judi une fois par année dans leur jolie maison. Il était imposant avec sa tête coiffée d’une épaisse chevelure noire. Quand j’ai réalisé qu’il était professeur d’économie  à l’Université de Toronto et que j’ai compris sa notoriété, j’ai été intimidé. Mais Michael avait toujours ce pétillement dans les yeux. Il était plutôt timide. Il semblait réservé, mais il avait un bon sens de l’humour et un éclat de rire contagieux. Il était très généreux tant de son temps, de son savoir que de ses plantes. Lui et Judi se complétaient à merveille. On avait toujours hâte de les retrouver.
Jamie Roberston






Michael laisse derrière lui son épouse Judi, ses deux fils, Chris et Sean et trois petits enfants.
La ville d’Oshawa, en reconnaissance de la contribution exceptionnelle des Denny au Jardin botanique d’Oshawa, leur rendra hommage en nommant le jardin qu’ils ont largement contribué à développer, The Michael and Judi Denny Peony Garden. Un honneur bien mérité.